Physical Exercise Combined With CPAP in Subjects Who Underwent Surgical Myocardial Revascularization: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise and CPAP benefit patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. To our knowledge, the association of aerobic exercise on an exercise bicycle with CPAP has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercise on a cycle ergometer combined with CPAP in the postoperative period after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS: This was a randomized clinical trial, with recruitment from May 2017 to December 2017 (registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-69CDYF). The step group (n = 16 subjects) started rehabilitation in the immediate postoperative period with breathing exercises and passive mobilization in the sitting position, progressing to active exercises, ambulation, and stair training. For the intervention group (n = 15 subjects), dynamic exercises on a cycle ergometer combined with CPAP were added to the step program from the second to the fourth postoperative day in a single daily session. RESULTS: Functional capacity decreased in both groups, but this reduction was not significant in the intervention group (P = .11). The length of stay in ICU was lower in the intervention group (P = .050). In both groups there was a decrease in maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure, as well as in the 1-min sit-to-stand test on the fourth postoperative day compared to the preoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Physical exercise combined with CPAP promoted the maintenance of functional capacity and reduced the length of stay in the ICU.

Análise do período intra e pós-operatório, complicações e mortalidade nas cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio e de troca valvar / Analysis of the intra and postoperative period, complications and mortality in the coronary artery bypass grafting and valve replacement surgeries

OBJETIVOS: Analisar fatores de risco, comorbidades, período intra e pós-operatório, complicações e mortalidade nas cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) e de troca valvar (TV). MÉTODOS: Um estudo transversal retrospectivo, realizado em um hospital geral, incluiu pacientes de ambos os sexos, maiores de 18 anos, submetidos à CRM ou TV. Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários dos pacientes. Foram levantados fatores de risco, comorbidades, variáveis intra e pós-operatórias, complicações e mortalidade. Para análise estatística foram aplicados os testes t de Student e qui-quadrado de Pearson para comparar as variáveis de interesse entre os grupos CRM e TV, considerando como significativo p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: De 210 prontuários analisados, 129 (61,4%) pacientes haviam sido submetidos à CRM e 81 (38,5%) à TV. Nas variáveis intraoperatórias, observaram-se na CRM e na TV, respectivamente (em minutos): fração de ejeção 60,2±11,9 vs. 66,2±11,2 (p=0,001); tempo de circulação extracorpórea 75,4±25,1 vs. 105,4±121,5 (p<0,001); tempo de clampeamento de aorta 60,7±39,3 vs. 75,7±26,2 (p=0,003); tempo de cirurgia 200,1±76,3 vs. 198,3±71,5 (p=0,865); tempo de ventilação mecânica 629,1±296,4 vs. 574,4±135,6 (p=0,076). No pós-operatório, o tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva coronariana foi de 2,5±1,8 dias na CRM e de 2,5±0,8 dias na TV (p=0,779). Noventa e seis (75%) pacientes submetidos à CRM e 46 (59%) pacientes submetidos à TV tiveram recuperação espontânea dos batimentos cardíacos (p=0,020). A maioria dos pacientes não apresentou complicações, tanto na CRM (n=105; 81,4%) quanto na TV (n=59; 72,8%) (p=0.561). A mortalidade foi de 2 (1,6%) na CRM e de 4 (4,9%) na TV (p=0,274). A taxa de óbito total durante o período de internação hospitalar foi de 2,9%. CONCLUSÕES: Na análise das cirurgias CRM e TV houve diferenças durante o momento intraoperatório, porém não se identificaram diferenças significativas nas complicações pós-operatórias e na mortalidade hospitalar. A análise descritiva e comparativa dessas duas técnicas cirúrgicas distintas, envolvendo pacientes com diferenças em suas características clínicas, permitiu o conhecimento das suas peculiaridades, podendo contribuir para o planejamento da assistência e da reabilitação cardíaca do paciente.

AIMS: To analyze risk factors, comorbidities, intraoperative and postoperative period, complications and mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve replacement (VR) surgeries. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study, carried out in a general hospital, included patients of both sexes, older than 18 years, submitted to CABG or VR. Data on risk factors, comorbidities, intraoperative and postoperative periods, postoperative complications and mortality were collected from patients' records. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to compare the variables of interest between the CABG and VR groups, considering p≤0.05 as significant. RESULTS: Of 210 records analyzed, 129 (61.4%) patients had performed CABG and 81 (38.5%) had performed VR. In the intraoperative variables, the following were observed in CABG and in VR, respectively (in minutes): ejection fraction 60.2±11.9 vs. 66.2±11.2 (p=0.001); extracorporeal circulation time 75.4±25.1 vs. 105.4±121.5 (p<0.001); aortic clamping time 60.7±39.3 vs. 75.7 ± 26.2 (p=0.003); time of surgery 200.1±76.3 vs. 198.3±71.5 (p=0.865); time of mechanical ventilation 629.1±296.4 vs. 574.4±135.6 (p=0.076). In the postoperative period, the length of stay in the coronary intensive care unit was 2.5±1.8 days in the CABG and 2.5±0.8 days in the VR (p=0.779). Ninety-six (75%) of the patients submitted to CABG and 46 (59%) of the patients submitted to VR had spontaneous heart beat recovery (p=0.020). The majority of patients did not present complications, both in CABG (n=105, 81.4%) and in VR (n=59, 72.8%) (p=0.561). Mortality was 2 (1.6%) in CABG and 4 (4.9%) in VR (p=0.274). The total death rate during the hospital stay was 2.9%. CONCLUSIONS: In the analysis of the CABG and VT surgeries there were differences during the intraoperative period, but no significant differences in postoperative complications and in hospital mortality were identified. Descriptive and comparative analysis of these two distinct surgical techniques, involving patients with differences in their clinical characteristics, allowed the knowledge of their peculiarities, which could contribute to the planning of care and cardiac rehabilitation of the patient.